組織再造與國防改革
Organizational Reinvention and
Defense Reform
蔡明憲
Michael M. Tsai
* 蔡明憲博士是本刊發行人。Dr.
Michael M. Tsai is the Publisher of Taiwan Defense Affairs.
美國當代戰略家歐登在他的《壕溝戰之後：美國陸軍準則的轉型，一九一八至一九三九年》（一九九九年）中說：「一個能監督與適應變革的組織是達致（軍隊）成功的現代化的最重要因素。此一組織必須強調武器、組織、與準則以避免（美國）陸軍在一九一九至一九三八年間所遭遇災禍再度降臨。」
William Odom, a contemporary American strategist, in his After
the Trenches: The Transformation of U.S. Army Doctrine, 1918-1939
(1999), suggests, “an organization dedicated to monitoring and accommodating
change is the most important element in successful [military] modernization.
This organization must address weapons, organizations, and doctrine
to avoid the same calamity that befell the [US] Army from 1919 to
1939.”
在二十一世紀，任何國防組織所面臨的內外在環境都要比起美國陸軍在二十世紀初所面對的來得複雜多了。而且，以我國所處的「非戰非和」特殊環境，國防政策處處面臨到順應民主潮流與因應外在敵情的兩難。在這樣的條件下，我國國防組織的改造確實不是容易的事。
Any defense organization in the 21st century must face a much more
complicated environment, internally or externally, than the U.S. Army
did in the early 20th century. Furthermore, what Taiwan faces
is a situation of “not peace, not war”; and our defense policy always
encounters dilemmas between following democratic tendency and responding
enemy’s hostility. Under these conditions, to reinvent our defense organizations
is by no means an easy task.
這是為什麼國防二法的通過與實施在台灣引起廣泛關注的原因。它不僅是台灣自一九四九年以來最大幅度的國防再造工程，也為後續的改革吹起了號角。
This is why the legislation and enforcement of the Defense Two Laws
draw so much public attention in Taiwan. It is not only the greatest
reinventing project in defense affairs, but also marks an initiative
for further reform.
建立了現代化的國防組織後，國防改革的腳步將越來越快。未來要走的方向，首要在於建立穩固的文人領軍與軍隊國家化機制。我們都知道，過去一段時間，基於種種歷史因素，國軍無法政治中立。軍隊經常得為特定的政黨服務，也常常淪為特定政黨意識型態的俘虜。而這些不但造成民眾對軍隊的疑慮、對軍隊社會地位帶來傷害，也阻礙到軍人專業主義的發展。其次，國防部也面臨到來自大眾重新檢討目前台灣的軍事戰略與作戰構想的聲浪。目前的軍事戰略與作戰構想是否有調整的必要與具體內容，在新的國防組織建立後，期待將會有妥適與理性的處理。
After modernizing our defense organizations, the pace of defense
reform will be getting faster. The most important direction we are heading
for is to establish a stable mechanism to ensure civilian control and
nationalization of armed forces. We all know that, due to several historical
elements, our armed forces was unable to disengage from politics in
the past. Our armed forces were used to serve for certain party and,
thus, became the captive of party’s ideology. It raised public unease
about the military, caused damage on soldiers’ societal status, and
hindered the development of military professionalism. Next, the MND
is facing a huge public demand to re-examine its current military strategy
and operational concepts. Do we need to change military strategy and
operational concepts and what need to be changed? I believe that there
will be a proper and rational solution after the establishment of our
new defense organization.
作為《國防政策評論》的發行人，謹努力於精進刊物的品質，許多朋友一路上的支持與愛護是本刊持續進步的動力。我非常地感謝——也很榮幸宣佈自本期起《國防政策評論》的工作陣容有了更長足的進步：前國防大學校長夏瀛洲將軍加入成為本刊顧問，同時，還有幾位本地與外籍的朋友加入成為本刊的編輯委員，包括：台灣綜合研究院的三位資深研究員：楊志恆博士、歐錫富博士、蔡明彥博士，歐亞學會的副執行長黃介正博士，台灣大學社會系的鄭為元博士，美國海軍分析中心的麥利凱將軍，美國國防分析家白邦瑞博士，美國傳統基金會亞洲部主任武爾茲博士。
我衷心感謝他們的支持。
As the Publisher of Taiwan Defense Affairs, it is my duty to take
all the efforts to improve its quality. Along the way, many friends’
support is the momentum to keep it moving. Now, I am very appreciated
and honorable to announce that we have more people to join the Taiwan
Defense Affairs: General Yang-jou Shiah (former President of National
Defense University) joins as our Advisor. Also, many friends from Taiwan
or overseas join in our Editorial Advisory Board, including three senior
researchers from Taiwan Research Institute, Dr. Chih-heng Yang, Dr.
Si-fu Ou, and Dr. Ming-yen Tsai, and Dr. Chieh-cheng Huang (from Chinese
Eurasian Education Foundation), Dr. Wei-yuan Cheng (from National Taiwan
University), USN retired Rear Admiral Eric McVadon (from Center for
naval Analysis, USA), Dr. Michael Pilsbury, and Dr. Larry Wortzel (from
Heritage Foundation, USA). Here, I would like to express my sincerest
thankfulness for their support.
|
推薦給好友