夏瀛洲
Yang-Jou Shiah

* 空軍上將夏瀛洲將軍，曾任國防大學校長，現為總統府戰略顧問。夏將軍為本學會理事長。ROCAF
General Yang-Jou Shiah was the President of National Defense University. General Shiah is
now a Strategy Advisor for the President and the Chairman of Institute for Taiwan Defense
and Strategic Studies..

美國在這次美伊戰爭中取勝，有幾點啟示值得強調：
There are several lessons could be learnt from American victory in the US-Iraq War:

（一）軍事事務革命戰爭理論調整：美國軍事事務曾多次變革，而影響最深遠者莫過於一九八六年由高華德及尼克拉斯所制定之「高尼法案」。基於越戰失敗的教訓，美國全面檢討訂定該法案。高尼法案對美軍軍事事務改革及戰爭理論之調整經「波灣戰爭」之驗證成效卓著。此後在科索沃、阿富汗以及伊拉克戰爭中又依據戰爭型態，不斷的修正戰爭理論，調整作戰方式。美國每一次的軍事變革是針對需要成立若干研究小組，廣納軍文專家學者，並以模式模擬反覆推演方定案，值得我們借鏡。
1) Adjustment of theory of war by revolution in military affairs (RMA): There are several transformations within US armed forces, but the most significant among them is the Goldwater -Nichols Act in 1986 which based upon the comprehensive examination of the lessons in Vietnam. The products of the Goldwater-Nichols Act are to reform the US military and to reshape it theory of war, which has been proven workable in the Gulf War. Every modification of theory of war, no matter where in Kosovo, Afghanistan, and Iraq, the US military establishes research teams, which combining civilian and military professionals, and repeatedly tests by model simulation. It is worth of learning.

（二）戰前深入評估，務實規劃準備：孫子兵法始計篇強調戰爭發起之前要週詳評估敵我雙方優缺點。美伊雖然戰力相差懸殊，但美國未曾輕敵，戰前即利用各種監偵系統掌握伊軍動態，經充份後勤準備之後，選擇最適合大軍行動之季節，並以震懾、斬首之行動直取重心，攻擊要害以瓦解伊軍之士氣，為戰爭營造最好之態勢，奠定勝利之基礎。
2) The needs for comprehensive assessment and practical planning and preparation: Sun-Tzu emphasized that it is imperative to assess the advantage and weakness both in our and enemy’s sides before go to war. The US was not over-confident even their edge is so great to Iraqi. Before war, the US employed every possible way to detect the movement of Iraqi troops and decided, at the most favor season and logistic conditions, to strike Iraqi center of gravity to shock, decapitate, and demoralize Iraqi troops. To create a sound strategic situation is the key to victory.

（三）平日訓練有素，人員素質優越：軍隊成員素質之良窳是影響戰爭勝負的關鍵因素，也是克敵致勝之根本，尤其在資訊時代打高科技戰爭，有賴長期持續之教育訓練，方能於戰時發揮戰力。美伊戰爭中可明顯看出美軍素質決非伊拉克所能比擬。
3) Training and quality of personnel: The quality of personnel is always one of critical factors to outcomes of war. It is particular true in fighting a hi-tech war in information era that to exploit combat power in the time of war relies only upon a sustained education and training in peacetime.

（四）聯合作戰發揮戰力，綜合國力決定勝負：高科技戰爭是要靠C4ISR 整合方能發揮聯合作戰戰力及精密武器之威力。美軍在波灣戰爭之後已開始利用衛星、無人偵察機及各種監偵系統掌握伊軍動態，中央司令部更透過資訊系統整合C4ISR運籌帷幄。反觀伊拉克之C4ISR 早已被盟軍破壞，如盲人騎瞎馬，焉能不敗？
4) The importance of joint operation and comprehensive national power: To take advantage of joint operation and precise strike needs a full integration of C4ISR assets. Before and during the war, the US use satellites, UAVs, and every sensors at hand to monitor every movement of Iraqi troops. On the opposite side, Iraqi could only fight blindly after their C4ISR assets were destroyed.

現代戰爭無論C4ISR 系統或者是高精密武器，都是靠預算（經濟實力）和高科技能力支持，未來的戰爭是靠綜合國力決定勝負。沒有雄厚的綜合國力是無法持久及打贏未來的戰爭。美伊之戰啟示良多，美軍勝利其決非偶然，而伊軍敗北也必有原因，而這正是本期所討論的焦點。
Modern warfare, in terms of C4ISR systems or hi-tech weapons, is supported by budget (economic power) and technology. Comprehensive na tional power determines the outcomes of war in the future. Without it, war can hardly be sustained and won. American victory in the Iraq War provides us ample lessons. To understand the reasons behind the victory and defeat is what we attempt in this issue.