前言
Forward

國軍對於台灣社會的穩定與發展，可謂扮演舉足輕重的角色，使得台灣在中共的武力威脅之下，仍得以創造舉世聞名的經濟奇蹟，然而隨著兩岸關係的演變，國軍建軍備戰的方向也有所調整，由以往的反攻復國轉型成區域防禦的「防衛固守，有效嚇阻」概念，以及近來所提到的「境外決戰」。
The ROC armed forces play a decisive role in Taiwan’s societal stability and development, which enable Taiwan to create world-famous economy miracle even in the face of the PRC’s threat. However, as the relationship of the two sides across the Strait changes, the direction of military strategies are also changed accordingly from previous concept of “Recovery of the Mainland by Force” to current “Strong Defense, Effective Deterrence” and recently mentioned “decisive campaign outside the territory”(DCT).

因此，國軍在精實案的浪潮之下，便對以往以攻擊型為主的部隊予以縮編或裁撤，尤以耳熟能詳的海軍陸戰隊為甚，已由以往的兩個師縮編為目前的兩個旅，人數也由三萬人銳減為一萬五千餘人，究竟地面部隊中的特種與一般部隊，何者應縮編或裁撤，不妨由全民的觀點來探討。
Unfortunately, owing to downsizing of the armed forces, former offensive-oriented forces were reduced or dismissed, especially the airborne troops and the Marine Corps were the first to be affected. The latter was reduced from two divisions to currently two brigades; the numbers of personnel were down from thirty thousand to fifteen thousand. After all, is it necessary to reduce or dismiss the special ground forces or ordinary one? It might as well to discuss related issues from general public’s point of view.

另外，國軍除了應肩負保衛台海安全的軍事性任務外，在社會日趨多元化的今天，是否也應扛起其他非戰爭性的任務，亦是本研究所欲剖析的議題，因此本研究之目的在於由全民觀點來探討國軍陸上部隊執行戰爭性以及非戰爭性任務的能力，以作為爾後國軍未來建軍整備方向的參考。
In addition, other than the military operations of keeping the strait safely, in this such diversified society, isn’t that the armed forces should carry out military operation other than war (MOOTW)? This is what this research to be discovered. Therefore, the task of this research is to discuss the capabilities of the armed forces to carry out combat and MOOTW missions in general public’s point of view, also as to provide a reference for future military strategic planning.

研究方法
Research Method

研究假設
Assumptions

本研究假設以全民觀點來看，國軍陸上部隊執行戰爭性與非戰爭性任務，將因軍種的不同而有所差異，因此提出七個研究假設：
The research assumed general public’s viewpoint in looking at the issue, the divergence of ROC land forces to implement combat and MOOTW missionss will vary as the military service differs, thus seven assumptions were raised.

戰爭性任務：
H1：中共武力犯台時，國軍陸上部隊執行反擊任務能力有差異
H2：外島遭敵軍佔領時，國軍陸上部隊執行增援或收復外島任務能力有差異
Combat missions:
H1: There is difference in the ability of ROC land forces to implement counterattack missions when PRC invades Taiwan.
H2: There is difference in the ability of ROC land forces to reinforce or recover outposts when enemy occupies the outposts.

非戰爭性任務：
H3：國軍陸上部隊執行撤僑任務能力有差異
H4：國軍陸上部隊執行反恐怖任務能力有差異
H5：國軍陸上部隊執行攔截他國武裝艦船在台灣領海運毒或走私能力有差異
H6：國軍陸上部隊中執行救災任務能力有差異
MOOTW missions:
H3: There is difference in the ability of ROC land forces to evacuate overseas Chinese.
H4: There is difference in the ability of ROC land forces to implement anti-terrorist missions.
H5: There is difference in the ability of ROC land forces to intercept other countries’ armed ships and smugglers in Taiwan’s territorial water.
H6: There is difference in the ability of ROC land forces to implement rescue missions.

整體而言
H7：國軍陸上部隊執行戰爭性及非戰爭性任務能力有差異
Overall
H7: There is difference in the ability of ROC land forces to implement combat missions and MOOTW missions.

問卷設計
Survey Design

本問卷依研究議題區分為四類問項，首先，在探討一般社會大眾對境外決戰的認同程度，其次，再研究全民對國軍陸上部隊執行戰爭性及非戰爭性任務的評價，最後再衡量受訪者對於國軍陸上部隊執行能力的整體觀感，問卷內容如下表一所示：
The survey was classified into 4 parts according to the issues. Firstly, to discuss the general public’s level of acknowledgement on decisive campaign outside the territory, then judge general public’s appraisals on ROC land forces to implement combat and MOOTW missions, and finally, to estimate interviewees’ overall impression on the ability of ROC land forces to carry out assigned missions. The content of the survey is shown in Table1 below.

表一：問卷內容

題號	內容	衡量主題
1	共武力犯台時，希望我軍與共軍決戰地點	中 境外決戰
2	中共武力犯台時，同不同意對共軍主要軍事設施予以反擊	戰爭性任務
3	國軍陸上部隊中誰最有能力執行反擊任務	戰爭性任務
4	外島遭敵軍佔領時，同不同意國軍增援或收復外島	戰爭性任務
5	國軍陸上部隊中誰最適合執行增援或收復外島任務	戰爭性任務
6	僑民生命財產遭受威脅，同不同意國軍協助撤僑	非戰爭任務
7	國軍陸上部隊中誰來執行撤僑任務最有信心	非戰爭任務
8	同不同意我國參加國際性反恐怖任務	非戰爭任務
9	國軍陸上部隊中，誰最適合執行反恐怖任務	非戰爭任務
10	他國武裝艦船在台灣領海運毒或走私，同不同意國軍予以攔截	非戰爭任務
11	國軍陸上部隊中，誰最適宜執行海上攔截任務	非戰爭任務
12	同不同意國軍部隊協助救災	非戰爭任務
13	國軍陸上部隊中誰來執行救災任務您最信任	非戰爭任務
14	整體而言，國軍陸上部隊中哪個部隊執行戰爭性及非戰爭性任務您最放心	整體評價

Table 1 Content of Surve

No.	Content	Issue
1	The most favorable location for ROC. vs. PRC. decisive battle to takeplace, when PRC. Invades Taiwan.	DCT
2	Do you agree to counterattack on PRC main military facilities, when P.R.C. invaded Taiwan?	Combat
3	Who is most capable for counterattack missions in ROC. land forces?	Combat
4	Do you agree armed forces to reinforce or recover outposts when PRC invades Taiwan?	Combat
5	Who is most suitable for implement reinforcement or recovery of outposts operation in ROC. land forces?	Combat
6	When properties and lives of overseas Chinese are under treat, do you agree armed forces to assist in evacuate overseas Chinese?	MOOTW
7	For who do you have the most confident in evacuate overseas Chinese?	MOOTW
8	Do you agree ROC. to join international anti-terrorist missions?	MOOTW
9	Who is most suitable for imp lement anti-terrorist missions?	MOOTW
10	Do you agree armed forces to intercept other countries’ armed ships, when they are smuggling in Taiwan’s territorial waters?	MOOTW
11	Who is most suitable for implementing sea inspection operation in ROC. land forces?	MOOTW
12	Do you agree armed forces assist in rescue operation?	MOOTW
13	Who do you have the most confident in impl ementing rescue operation in ROC. land forces?	MOOTW
14	Overall, who do you prefer to implement combat and MOOTW missions in ROC. land forces.	Overall

其中，第一題有台灣本土、台灣海峽及大陸沿岸三個問項，用來衡量社會大眾對境外決戰的認同程度，其次，第二、四、六、八、十及十二題為詢問受訪者對執行該任務的贊同程度，而第三及第五題則是衡量受訪者對國軍陸上部隊執行戰爭性任務的評價順序，第七、九、十一及十三題則是衡量受訪者對國軍陸上部隊執行非戰爭性任務的評價順序，最後第十四題則是衡量受訪者對國軍陸上部隊執行戰爭性及非戰爭性任務整體評價的順序，分別各有海軍陸戰隊、憲兵、陸軍及陸軍特種部隊四個選項，由受測者依主觀印象予以排序。
Meanwhile there are three options in the first question: Taiwan Island, Taiwan Strait and shores of Mainland China which are used to judge general public’s appraisal on decisive campaign outside the territory. Secondly, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th and 12th questions are to find out what’s interviewees’ level of acknowledgements on implementation of specific missions. The 3rd and 5th questions are to judge interviewees’ appraisal ranking on ROC land forces to implement combat missions. The 7th, 9th, 11th and 13th questions are to judge interviewees’ appraisal ranking on ROC land forces to implement MOOTW missions. Last, the 14th question is to judge interviewees’ overall assessment ranking on ROC land forces to implement combat and MOOTW missions, there are Marine, MP, Army and Army special force to choose from, the orders are ranked according to interviewees’ subjective impression.

而為避免受測者疲勞並提升受訪意願及填答準確性，對於每位受訪者除第一題與最後一題皆詢問外，對於戰爭性任務國軍部隊執行的能力僅由兩題中挑一題詢問受訪者，而非戰爭性任務國軍部隊執行能力則僅由四題中挑兩題詢問受訪者，因此問卷共有十二種組合(C2*C4)，採隨機詢問方式來詢問受訪者。
As to increase interviewees’ willingness and accuracy of the answers, except first and last question, the section of “the capabilities of armed forces to implement combat missions” one out of two questions was picked to question interviewees and in the section of “the capabilities of armed forces to implement MOOTW missionss” two out of four questions were picked to question interviewees. Therefore, this survey has 12 combinations.

另外在基本資料方面則有六個問項，包括年齡、教育程度、統獨傾向、政黨傾向、戶籍地及性別。
Besides, the basic information contains 6 sections, which include age, education, pro-unification/independence preference, parties preference, residence and sex.

抽樣方法
Sampling

採便利抽樣法，選取軍、士官兵千餘組親戚朋友的聯絡電話，以電話訪問方式，對受測者進行電話調查。
The survey was conducted by phone, for convenience, interviewees were picked from relatives and friends of the officers and NCOs.

研究工具
Instruments

（一）敘述統計：用以描述樣本基本資料。
(1) Description statistics: Describing sample basic information.

（二）ANOVA：檢定樣本平均數及同質性。
(2) ANOVA: Examining sample’s mean and attributes.

（三）Scheffe’s method：估計樣本平均數差的聯合信賴區間。
(3) Scheffe’s method: Estimates confidence interval for a difference in population means from two independent samples.

資料分析
Data Analysis

樣本基本資料
Basic Information of Samples

經電話訪問結果，共取得有效樣本一○○二份，樣本基本統計資料如下表二所示：
After interviewing by phone, 1002 effective samples were collected; the basic sample’s
statistics are shown below in Table 2:

表二：樣本基本統計資料

年齡	19(含)以下	20~29	30~39	40~49	50~59	60(含)以上	總計
	73	400	163	171	158	37	1002
	7.29%	39.92%	16.27%	17.07%	15.77%	3.69%	100%
教育程度	國小(含)以下		國中	高中	大學	碩、博士	總計
	98		187	396	294	27	1002
	9.78%		18.66%	39.52%	29.34%	2.69%	100%
統獨傾向	統一		獨立		維持現狀		總計
	125		94		783		1002
	12.48%		9.38%		78.14%		100%
政黨傾向	國民黨	民進黨	親民黨	台聯黨	其他黨	無	總計
	90	92	55	22	23	720	1002
	8.98%	9.18%	5.49%	2.20%	2.30%	71.86%	100%
戶籍地	北		中	南	東	外島	總計
	342		299	335	19	7	1002
	34.13%		29.84%	33.43%	1.90%	0.70%	100%
性別	男			女			總計
	562			440			1002
	56.09%			43.91%			100%

Table 2: Sample’s Basic Statistics

Age	19 and below	20~29	30~39	40~49	50~59	60 and above	Total
	73	400	163	171	158	37	1002
	7.29%	39.92%	16.27%	17.07%	15.77%	3.69%	100%
Education	Primary and below		Junior high	Senior high	College	Master/PHD	Total
	98		187	396	294	27	1002
	9.78%		18.66%	39.52%	29.34%	2.69%	100%
Pro-Unification/ independence preference	Unify		Independent		Remains current		Total
	125		94		783		1002
	12.48%		9.38%		78.14%		100%
Parties preference	KMT	DDP	PFP	TSU	Others	None	Total
	90	92	55	22	23	720	1002
	8.98%	9.18%	5.49%	2.20%	2.30%	71.86%	100%
Residence	North		Middle	South	East	Outposts	Total
	342		299	335	19	7	1002
	34.13%		29.84%	33.43%	1.90%	0.70%	100%
Sex	Male			Female			Total
	562			440			1002
	56.09%			43.91%			100%

境外決戰
Decisive Campaign outside the Territory

關於境外決戰議題，經詢問受訪者最希望我軍與共軍決戰地點之後可發現，贊成於台灣本土的比例僅六%，而贊成於大陸沿岸的比例則高達七○%，反之，最不贊成於台灣本土的比例高達八八%，而最不贊成於大陸沿岸的比例則僅四%，如表三所示：
About the issue of decisive campaign outside the territory, the most favorable location for ROC decisive battle to take place, after conducting the survey it is found that, agree it to take place in Taiwan island only took 6% and agree it to take place in shores of mainland China took as high as 70%, inversely, disagree it to take place in Ta iwan took as high as 88% and disagree it to take place in shores of mainland China took only 4%. As Shown in Table 3 below:

表三：最希望與最不希望決戰地點比

最希望決戰地點
地點	台灣本土	台灣海峽	大陸沿岸	總數
個數	63	242	697	1002
比例	6.29%	24.15%	69.56%	100.00%
最不希望決戰地點
地點	台灣本土	台灣海峽	大陸沿岸	總數
個數	874	85	43	1002
比例	87.23%	8.48%	4.29%	100.00%

Table 3: The Location of Decisive Campaign

The most favorable location
Location	Taiwan Island	Taiwan Strait	Shores of Mainland China	Total
No.	63	242	697	1002
Ratio	6.29%	24.15%	69.56%	100.00%
The most unfavorable location
Location	Taiwan Island	Taiwan Strait	Shores of Mainland China	Total
No.	874	85	43	1002
Ratio	87.23%	8.48%	4.29%	100.00%