中國改革開放前，中共對內外皆以「槍桿子出政權」或「槍桿子維護主權」，但隨著綜合國力增強，有信心立足國際社會後，中共越來越有信心以「經濟拉攏人心」，用經濟策略完成政治目標。
Before the opening of the reform, China had adopted the policy of “political power coming form the barrel of a gun” or “maintenance of political power from the barrel of a gun”. In accordance with increased integrated national power and the confidence shown by the international community, China had more and more confidence to launch “the economic absorption strategy” to achieve its political goal.

香港九七回歸中國，最主要就是依靠經濟吸納，香港以及九九年的澳門回歸，方得以順利繁榮地回歸中國。1以香港而言，歷經一百五十餘年的殖民統治，無論經濟成就、政制運作方式、教育文化均與大陸內地迥然不同，中共若以純武力「霸王硬上弓」強行收回香港主權，收回的將只是「一塊石頭而已」，香港傲人的經濟成就將毀之一旦。
China mainly adopted ”the economic absorption strategies” to control Hong Kong after 1997 and it resulted in a smooth political handover among China, Hong Kong and Macau.1 Hong Kong, which experienced 150 years of colonialism by the British government, is totally different from inner China in economic, political as well as educational systems. The use of armed forces violently by China over the territory of Hong Kong would certainly destroy the outstanding economy of Hong Kong.

改革開放後，中共領導當局採取經濟吸納策略，利用地緣政治經濟依賴的客觀形勢，逐步推展經濟吸納策略，讓香港主要產業與大陸緊密依存，中港兩地進出口與轉口皆高度互依互賴，加上主權轉移過渡期中資企業在香港大肆擴充版圖，讓港英治下的香港企業家無不順從經濟發展趨勢，從原先最反對中共統治而準備撤出香港，到主動歡迎香港實施「一國兩制」，香港商人與主流社會巨大的認同與效忠的轉變，「經濟吸納」的運作成功，無疑是奠定下中共得以順利平穩收回香港主權。2
After initiating the reforms, the Chinese government implemented the economic absorption strategy expecting the neighboring countries’ economies to gradually rely on each other and finally led to close relationship between Hong Kong and Chinese industries. Hong Kong and China’s export and transport are highly interdependent. Moreover, Chinese enterprises are investing heavily in Hong Kong, which has led to Hong Kong’s enterprise, which was till recently dominated by Hong Kong and British governments, follow the Chinese economic development. The success of the economic absorbing strategy is evident from the fact that Hong Kong’s businessmen and the major part of their society had changed their attitude from opposing the dominance of Chinese government and abandoning their investment in Hong Kong to enthusiastically welcoming China to launch “One China, two systems”. There is no doubt that China has smoothly taken back the sovereignty of Hong Kong.2

香港與台灣有相類似的歷史際遇，皆歷經國共戰亂、韓戰、越戰、以及石油危機的威脅，並從中掌握機會迅速經濟發展，成為亞洲四小龍；再則受中國統一政策影響深遠，香港已回歸中國實施「一國兩制」，台灣因本土化、民主化深化發展下，在主權爭議等政治問題正與中共僵持不下，中共在解決完收回香港主權的歷史任務後，隨著經濟發展與國際地位的上升，中共領導人眼中的台灣問題如何以「香港模式」解決，便成為中共未來主要的國家任務。畢竟台灣與香港有極大差異性，雖然表面上宣傳須以「一國兩制」垂範台灣，但真正垂範的將是中共收回香港主權的「經濟吸納」的統戰經驗。
Both Hong Kong and Taiwan had similar history; both experienced the threats of the civil war between the KMT and the communists, the Korea War, the Vietnam War and the oil crisis, and grabbed the opportunity to develop their economies rapidly to become one of four dragons of Asia. Furthermore, both were deeply influenced by China’s re-union policy. Currently, Hong Kong has handed over the power back to China, and China has implemented the policy of “One China, two systems”. Taiwan
cannot compromise with China on the political argument of sovereignty due to which Taiwan has been localized and democratized. After coping with the historical mission of taking back the sovereignty of Hong Kong smoothly and increasing economic development and international status, to use “the model of Hong Kong” to solve the Taiwan issue has became the main national mission for the Chinese government. In fact, Taiwan and Hong Kong have significant differences. Although China announced that it would launch the policy of “One China, two systems” to dominate Taiwan, the real things to dominate is the experience of unification front of absorbing Hong Kong’s economy.

打造一個高度依賴中國的台灣經濟，像香港模式一樣，是讓台灣當局政治屈服的法門，這是目前中共最重要的對台統戰思考。3在這項戰略思考下，中共會如何「打造一個高度依賴中國的台灣經濟」的經濟吸納戰略部署，這是本文的旨趣所在。
How to build Taiwan’s economy will rely highly on China, which would use the method used in Hong Kong which would lead to the Ta iwanese governments surrender. This is also the most important mindset of unification front against Taiwan.3 Under the warfare mindset, what economic absorbing policies China adopts to deploy strategies to build Taiwan’s economy would be the main idea of this paper.

要到達經濟吸納戰略目標，除需靠客觀上經濟實力與兩岸潛在的經濟互補外，尚須政策上主觀的積極操作，包括建構與部署，本文的分析重點在於兩岸加入WTO後，中共如何進行「經濟吸納」戰略：
In order to achieve the targets, the economic strategy requires not only the objective economic strength and the potential economic complements between Taiwan and China but also the active implementation on subject polices, including construction and deployment. This paper mainly analyzes China’s economic absorption strategy after Taiwan and China’s access to the WTO.

台灣政府長期努力加入WTO，乃鑑於台灣為全球經貿重要國家，不能自外全球化治理的潮流外，更重要的是，長期的外交孤立，加入世貿組織可擁有同時與與一百多個國家建立經貿關係的管道，此外，兩岸的互動僵局，WTO 經濟互動機制與架構更被視為，可以隔置敏感政治主權爭議，重啟兩岸正常互動的場合。4
The reason that Taiwanese government made the best effort to assess the WTO in the long run is due to the fact that Taiwan is an important country of international business and trade, which must join the trend of globalization; the most important reason being the fact that even though Taiwan is deficient in diplomatic supports in the long run, it could establish over 100 channels with different countries simultaneously by accessing the WTO. In addition, the economic interactive systems and frameworks are considered as the icebreaker of the sensitive argument of the political sovereignty and the place to restart the interactions between Taiwan and China.4

然而，從過去中共對台進行的統戰經驗，特別著重於「行業對行業、民間對民間」的溝通管道，並刻意迴避與我官方接觸，並藉此進行「以商圍政」「以民逼官」統戰操作。因此，未來只要中共不改變現階段對台「經濟吸納」統戰戰略，對中共而言，兩岸加入WTO 後，如何將WTO 機制融入對台「經濟吸納」戰略中，以及藉WTO 機制啟動，是否重新建構與部署「有WTO 特色」的經濟吸納機制，以擴大加強對台經濟吸納，本文分析焦點放在：中共如何藉WTO 機制加強對台「經濟吸納」。
However, according to China’s experience of unification front against Taiwan in the past, it focused on the channels of “industry to industry, private to private” and attempted to avoid contact with Taiwanese government, and implement the strategy of unification front to “besiege the politics by business” and ”use the private enterprise to compel the government”. Hence, if China does not change the current strategy of unification front to absorb Taiwan’s economy in the future, then an attempt to adopt the WTO framework into the strategy of the absorption of Taiwan’s economy and whether or not it is likely to re-construct and re-deploy the economic absorption system with the “characters” of the WTO to enlarge and empower the absorption of Taiwan’s economy by the operating of the WTO framework would be the main targets. This paper mainly analyzes China ‘s use of the WTO framework to empower the economic absorption of Taiwan’s economy.

與台灣民間產業直接接觸協商管道優先
The Priority of Business Negotiation Channels with the
Taiwanese Private Industry Directly

與香港「經濟吸納」模式極為類似，5孤立台灣官方，直接拉壟台灣民間企業、產業，基於台海兩岸經濟互賴的不對應性，中國大陸擁有向台灣民間產業提供經濟利益的能力，如優惠政策、廉價的土地、勞工、與廣大市場，尤其近幾年美國、歐盟、日本遭逢的全球經濟不景氣時，台灣企業更難拒絕，甚至更加仰賴大陸所提供的經濟誘惑，也讓中共以經濟吸納獲取政策目標更易達成。
Similar to the economic absorption mode of Hong Kong,5 China has isolated Taiwanese government and attracted Taiwanese private enterprise and industry directly. Owning the asymmetric economic dependences between China and Taiwan, the Chinese government has the compatibilities of offering Taiwanese enterprise the economic benefits such as preferential policies, cheap land, labor and large market. In particular Taiwan hardly refused and even started relying on the economic inducements offering by China when the United Sates, European Union and Japan suffered the global economic
recession and it led China to achieve its political targets easier by using the economic absorption policies.

換句話說，當中共直接拉壟台灣民間個別企業、整體產業日趨有成效之際，對台灣政府大陸政策的決策便會帶來巨大壓力，製造官民對立，分化台灣內部團結，遂行「政商分離」、「以民逼官」、「以商圍政」的統戰目標。而為達此一目標，在操作上，繼續蓄意迴避與台官方接觸，並直接與我民間企業、產業接觸與協商管道，將最能符合達成統戰目標。因此，未來中共只要不改變「經濟吸納」統戰，勢必就會堅持迴避與台官方，直接與我民間產業的接觸協商模式。
In other words, due to the strategy of China attracting Taiwanese individual private enterprise and the whole industry getting work, the Taiwanese government has faced a huge pressure on the decision of the policy towards China. It would be a good opportunity to implement the warfare strategy of disunion, confrontation in order to achieve the target, in the operating steps; China attempts to refuse the direct contact with the Taiwanese government. Instead it is directly contacting with our private enterprise and industry and is setting up the negotiation channel to achieve the target of unification front. Hence, if China does not change the economic strategies of unification front in the future, it would insist to avoid the Taiwanese government and contact with our private industry directly.

WTO 機制成為對台經濟吸納的重要新管道
The System of the WTO Has Become an Important New
Channel of Absorbing the Taiwan’s Economy.

鑑於中共「經濟吸納」統戰包圍，台灣則寄望於兩岸加入WTO後，能在WTO機制與規範下，與中國大陸官方進行對等的接觸與諮商。經過一年多來，兩岸在WTO 互動，仍充滿著政治主權火藥味。雙方僵持與摩擦焦點包括：
According to envelopment of the economic absorption strategy of the unification front, Taiwan aspects that it would contact and negotiate equally with the China under the regulations and framework of the WTO after accessing the WTO. However, there are still a lot of arguments of the political sovereignty in the interactions of the WTO between Taiwan and China after one year. The conflicts and frictions between them include:

一、打壓我名稱地位：中共一方面極力打壓台灣在WTO 的身份與地位，並企圖竄改台灣入會登錄名稱，極力將台灣會籍「港澳化」。在雙邊通知上以「港澳式」的「中國台北」、台澎金馬個別關稅領域「常駐WTO經濟貿易辦事處」（Economic Trade Office in the WTO）等稱呼台澎金馬個別關稅領域「常駐WTO 代表團」 (Permanent Mission to the WTO)，6通知函並非使用WTO 的官方語言（英文、法
文與西班牙），而是以兩岸共同語言——中文。在多邊會議時，當其他國家代表不經意使用「台灣」，或台灣代表團以「中華民國」自稱時，都會引來中國的「糾正」與「抗議」。7中國對台灣代表稱謂的動作不斷，抗議頻頻，8目的在於表達「一個中國」、「台灣是中國的單獨關稅區」的主張，不承認台灣是「獨立擁有法律地位」的「個別關稅領域」。
1) Bringing down the name of nations: China not only are eager to bring down Taiwan’s identification and international status in the WTO, but also tried to re-modify the register title when Taiwan got access to the WTO, to group Taiwan into parts of China such as Hong Kong and Macau. In the bilateral notification, China use “Chinese Taipei” “Taiwan, Penghu, Kinman, Matsu Separate Customs Territory Economic Trade Office in the WTO” instead of “Taiwan, Penghu, Kinman, Matsu Separate Customs Territory Permanent Mission to the WTO”.6 It also uses the common language between Taiwan and China, Ch inese, instead of the official language such as English, French and Spanish of the WTO in the notification letter. In the multilateral meeting, when other representatives attempted to use the “Taiwan” or the Twain’s representatives use the word of “Republics of China”, China would correct or reject the name.7 The reason why China always rejected the name is to show the claim of “One China”, “Taiwan is merely a separate customs territory of China” instead of admitting that Taiwan is a separate customs territory, which has the legal right, exists independently. 8

二、中國盡力迴避與台灣在WTO 的雙邊、多邊會議互動：在雙邊部分，有關中國提出冷軋鋼品、聚氯乙烯反傾銷控訴、九類四十八項鋼品臨時性防衛措施議案，則蓄意繞過我政府駐WTO 代表處。9此外，在WTO 多邊會議互動，在多場中國「過渡期檢討」，更是對台灣的詢問，置之不理或模糊帶過，極不願意與台灣在多邊會議架構與台灣互動。10直接向我部分業者接觸，孤立台灣政府用意十分明顯。
2) China attempted to refuse the interaction with Taiwan in the bilateral and multilateral meetings: In the bilateral meeting, China proposed the anti-dumping accusations concerning the cold-rolled steel and polyvinyl chloride products and the temporary safeguards of 48 items of nine different steel products, 9 and attempted to ignore interactions of the multilateral meetings, China always neglected or failed to answer the query proposed by Taiwan for hurried concern about the review of the transition period of China. Even for this china did not interact with Taiwan.10 This action clearly shows the motivation to contact part of our private enterprise directly and isolate the Ta iwanese government.

三、從僵持到兩岸首次雙邊諮商：兩岸WTO 互動僵持近一年餘，去年三月中國首先在冷軋鋼品、聚氯乙烯等反傾銷案件著手，不通知台灣政府，直接與台灣業者溝通，初步堅持其「兩岸不透過WTO 接觸」的立場。不久，去年五月又針對九類鋼品進行臨時性防衛措施，也未通知台灣。因事涉我業者權益甚鉅，且中共明顯違反WTO 會員國通知與諮商之義務，台灣常駐WTO 代表團因此於六月十八日主動致函中國常駐WTO 代表團要求進行進行雙邊諮商，11中國代表團並未立即回應台灣諮商的要求，直到十月二十八日所召開由會員國向四十三個提出防衛措施的國家發問的「防衛委員會」，台灣再度要求中國履行諮商義務，並強調十一月二十一日前未得到中國正面回應，否則將不排除於啟動WTO 爭端解決機制。
3) From stalemate to the first negotiation: The interaction of the WTO between Taiwan and China has lasted over one year. Firstly, in the anti-dumping cases about the cold-rolled steel and PVC products, China communicated with Taiwanese enterprise directly instead of informing the Taiwanese government and insisted the standpoint of “There is no WTO contact between two sides” last March. Later, China did not inform Taiwan about the temporary safeguards of the nine different steel products. The right of our enterprises is highly concerning and China is against the responsibilities to inform and negotiate with the members in the WTO. Hence, the Permanent Mission in the WTO sent a latter to the representative of the WTO requiring active bilateral negotiation on 18 June.11 China’s representative of the WTO does not respond to the proposal by Taiwan to wait until 28 October when members of the WTO hold the “the committee of safeguards”, held mainly to help members to propose the questions to the countries who propose the “temporary safeguards”. Taiwan asked China to implement the reasonability of negotiation with the members again and emphasized that China should give the positive reaction before 21 November; otherwise Taiwan would use the WTO framework to resolve disputes.

中國擔心與台灣「對薄公堂」引發國際關注，不得不於十一月二十日通知台灣代表團與「防衛委員會」，就鋼品防衛措施與台灣代表團展開諮商，12雙方並於十二月十二日在日內瓦首度舉行名為「WTO 架構下專業技術層面接觸」的雙邊諮商，彼此以「中國」及「台澎金馬個別關稅領域」稱呼，並以中文商談，開啟了在WTO下首度的正式互動機制。13
China is worried that the verification of not obeying the WTO rules might lead to international attentions, and hence is forced to inform Taiwan’s representative and “the committee of safeguards” to start the negotiation about the anti-dumping actions of steel products with the representative of Taiwan.12 Taiwan and China also held bilateral negotiations that were named “The Professional Technical Contact under the WTO Framework ” in Geneva on 12 December. In this meeting, they called “China” and “The separate customs territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinman, and Matsu” to each other and used Chinese as the negotiating language. It opened the first formal interactive systems
under the WTO.13

如果兩岸是正常關係，兩岸在WTO 一年以來的互動，可說是尚處於摸索與磨合階段，惟兩岸特殊複雜甚至敵對的關係，到底中共未來如何在WTO 與台灣互動，本文的假設是，中共不放棄對台「經濟吸納」統戰，對台灣外交空間仍持續打壓的情況下，則將進一步利用WTO 機制，擴大台灣對中國大陸的經貿依賴，最符合中共對台「經濟吸納」戰略。一年來的WTO 互動下來事例，越趨明顯中共願在持續打壓我WTO 代表團名義下，與我代表團進行低調的雙邊會商。14值得注意的是，中共外經貿部長石廣生接受英國金融時報訪問時，表達「願意遵守WTO 規範，知會台北任何會影響台灣出口商的行動；也願意由兩岸駐日內瓦代表就特定議題進行諮商。」15是否優先與我民間產業展開諮商？或選擇有助於大陸對台經濟吸納為主的「特定議題」才與WTO 台灣代表團接觸？是否企圖在WTO 中以「打壓名義、願意接觸、擴大吸納」模式週而復始地來加強對台統戰，若是如此，中共已經利用WTO 機制，作為對台「經濟吸納」的重要新管道。
If the relationship between Taiwan and China was normal, it could mention that the interactions between two sides in the WTO were still at the stage of the fumble and friction, nevertheless, the relationship between two sides are extremely complicated and even conflicting. How will China interact with Taiwan in the WTO in the future? This paper supposes that China would never give up the strategy of unification front of absorbing Taiwan’s economy, continuously bringing down the diplomacy of Taiwan, and then using the systems of the WTO to enlarge Taiwan’ s dependence on China. It is a
strategy towards absorption of Taiwanese economy. From the examples of the interactions of the WTO during this period, it is obvious that China would launch a low -key bilateral meeting with our representative under the circumstance of continuously bringing down the official title of our representative of the WTO.14 It is worth mentioning that when China's Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation, She Guang-Sheng, was interviewed by the Financial Times, he expressed ”the willingness to obey the regulations of the WTO, to inform Taipei any about any actions which might affect Taiwan’s exporters and also to negotiate any particular issue according to Geneva -based trade official between Taiwan and China”.15 Would China start the negotiation with our private industry first? Or opt for a special agenda “which facilitate China to absorb Taiwan’s economy and then contact Taiwan’s representative? Or attempts to use mode of “bringing down the official name of Taiwan, showing willingness to contact, enlarging the absorption” to enforce the strategy of unification front against Taiwan in the WTO. If so, China already used the systems of the WTO to be a new important channel of absorbing Taiwan’s economy.